In more detail
Financial Planning at Sterling & Law
Why the product question comes last
Almost everyone arrives with a product in hand. A pension from a previous employer, an ISA opened in a hurry before a tax year ended, a lump sum sitting in a current account because no decision felt safe. The question is always some version of "is this any good?", and it cannot be answered in that form, because good depends entirely on what the money is supposed to do.
So the first work is not product analysis. It is establishing what the money is for, when each part of it is needed, and what would have to happen for the plan to fail. A portfolio that is excellent for someone retiring in twenty years is unsuitable for someone buying a house in two. Once those facts exist, most product questions answer themselves, and some of them turn out not to matter.
What independent actually means
Independent advice means advising across the whole of the relevant market rather than from a restricted range, and being paid by the client rather than by a provider. That distinction is worth checking with anyone you take advice from, because the label is specific and not every firm offering financial advice meets it.
The practical consequence is that the recommendation is not constrained by what happens to be on a particular shelf, and that we have no reason to prefer one provider over another beyond cost and suitability. It also means the fee is visible. You should be able to see exactly what you are paying, to whom, and for what — and if you cannot, that is worth asking about wherever you are being advised.
Cashflow modelling, and its limits
A cashflow model projects income, spending, and the assets in between, across the rest of a life. Used properly it answers questions that are otherwise guesswork: whether a planned retirement date is realistic, what a career break costs, how much can be given away safely, whether the money runs out.
Used badly it produces false confidence. A model is only as good as its assumptions, and a single projected line down the middle of the page implies a precision that does not exist. The useful version runs the plan against poor outcomes as well as expected ones, and reports what breaks it. The question worth answering is not "does this work?" but "what would have to go wrong for this to stop working, and how likely is that?"
Reviews that test rather than restate
An annual review that opens the file, confirms everything is still broadly on track and closes it again is close to worthless. What makes a review useful is comparing the plan to what actually happened — contributions that were not made, spending that turned out higher, a market that did something other than the assumption, a change at home that nobody thought to mention.
Plans fail at the joins between life and money, not usually in the investments. A review should go looking for those joins.